Four-stroke-cycle engine.



P. SCHARF & E. KWAYSSER.

TOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1913-.

1,16 8; 16, I Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- W wy P. SCHARF & E. KWAYSSER.

FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED' FEB. 1a, 1913.

Pafented Jan. 11, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

' Vii/185 985:

hwkzims':

m l ffw P. SCHARF & '5. KWAYSSER.

FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I8, 1913.

Patented Jan. 11, 19161 FIL q U I m U l H e n ,M, 1 w m 3 U WN.

a I. I 4 8 9/? 5 & n HM HHIIILM o 2 0 I,

To U whom it n I it known 1: uni An t Austii liel'liiil i stages. na.

crnansion mun-.1 ice n m to assure ihe d sired llr illi. lhe niWn ol holli clinderszarc nnnuallr connci'icd will: lhraid oi 3o :sni1ahic h'i\'in'- L'i a in eil'er: sin iy l on illl win iniini he [illli the gem will in conneriion inerewnn 2m l'oi coiniileie halanu pro. \il lion l oi'ees that an cnliiii olil and also narlicnlarlr :nlr:

i "The his noi only n hid prn-r nion dead in and alter ziliainingg= i'eiiier nosi'in ns.

oppo ite Aciions at a ionsi wherelrr ai Elle moment of ll :11 lhe eon:*tiencenient oi ihthieh iherlnic eil'i-rl is prniincen speed of ihe pistons as they l'ronrone anotheiy while tlu v the int" ll pressure ar'ls sinnilianw upon hoi i" the pistons.

\lihougn is ilifillik with two c ,linders and its greni e mar he regarded as a uniform whohn it is of course obvious and also Patented Jam. 11, 1916.

Serial No. 749,219.

hle to combine several, say two such iinder eng ines to form a four-cylinder this case the crank shatt would rereire iiwo cranks which may he either at an angle of or at 1S0 according to e in whether i nportance attached to either a more uniform momentum of rotation or to a still heater halaneing of the moving forces and inonientunis.

In ill aci-ompanring drawings: Figure 1 illustrates iliae'rannnatically a section of an cled in accordaln-e with this 3 to 9 indieate diagramrnali n l l;

the two 1 i in in the right-hand Cylini. and ihe corresponding positions of the ,'ston ope-ruling gear. and FigsnlO to 12 l 1 a speci construction of the ror r valve m'gauixation preferably used in this rig. 10 is a vertical sectional he cylinder. the rotary valve \aire -asin 1 or distributing ll is a horizontal sectional chaanher: new of ihe ,anie in the plane of the admission and exhaust slots: Fig. 12 illustrates in developed i-lcx ation a portion of the circuinl'erein-e of ihe cylinder. of the ralv? and oi the disirihuling chaniher: Fig. 1 3 is a riew similar to Fig. 12. but showing a l niodiiied arrangement of the ports 4 linder. the \alre and the valve casshown in hi4. L and B are the two i re the r-r iirs of pistons working in these icspei'iirrcylinders. means of short comm-ling rods r". r and "Z. r] the tour pistons are eonnected to s \'nnnetricallv located points and 71*. of two hell cranl; levers. 2 and ii respectively; These lerers each have ihree connecting ioints (/K I m and is. A3. 71. with regard to which lw'o loiers have the form of isosceles angles. the apices m and n of whirh are l Eliill in ihe center line so :is to face one when the lcrers have a position of lone the line l021 l1nfllK lH the re l ase. the levers are provided udinal slots M and N respecmeans of which eaeh lever has \aneous sliding and pivotal compot on a stationary piyot S as the ease may he.

a in

l A end of p and bottom and a, a

lhe apiees )7)\ c two levers are each pivoted to a douhle armed lever R- which 110 cylinders are connected to the all of the pivots S, m,

the point of rotation of end of the are admitted and exhausted.

rocks about a central stationary axis 0. Rigidly attached to the lever R, at one side thereof, is an armfQ which is, connected by a link P to the crank K of the main shaft F, and thereby drives said shaft.

The upper pistons a and b ofthe two upper bell cranklever G and the lower pistons a and I) are connected to the lower bell crank lever H. i

When, in the course of the operation, the two levers G and H have a position of symmetry with respect to a commoncentral line,

I O, n, T and F coincidewith such line, as shown in Fi 4. The levers G and H have a compoun rotary and sliding movement about their respective fulprumsS and T, and in this way each lever is constantly dis laced along the length of its longitudinal s ot.

Z Z are the spark plugs which are arranged 'laterally'on the cylinder walls at points corresponding to the upper common dead center position of the two pistons.

The explosion on the one hand and the exhaust and suction on theother hand take place at the opposite remote ends of the cylinders, so that there is relatively small degree of' temperature and prewure at the cylindersthrough which the gases It is, therefore, practical to use rotary slide valves as shown in Figs. 10 to 12 and to be hereafter described in place of the ordinary conical valves. In Fig. 1 the location of the valves is suggested at u and 'u but the-disclosure cylinders are open for a greater of the valves in this figure is merely diagrammatic. In the extreme positions of the levers G and H, shown in Fig. 1 the upper piston a and the lower piston b at the opposite ends of the respective cylinders uncover, respectively, the explosion chamber and the terminals of the suction and exhaust passages, and in the opposite extreme positions of said levers, the pistons 12 and b have the relations just ascrib d to the respective pistons a and b. L, When the two levers G and H are in either oftheir extreme positions, the two part of their length from their relativelv opposite ends, the ends of each cylinder being opened alternatively as is obvious. Thus with the parts related as in Fig. 1, the cylinder A is open for the greater partof its length from its upper end and the cylinder B is open for the greater part-of its length from its lower end; When the positions of the lovers G and Hare reversed from those shown in r Fig. 1, the cylinder A will then be open for the greater part of its length from its 'lower/ ing each crank revolution, two of thesel'dead I end and the cylinder Bwill 6 be open for the greatenpart of its length from its upper each suction stroke.

end. These relations are useful in achieving an efl' ective direct cooling and cleaniir of the cylinder interiors, ing of air into andfrom the open ends of the cylinders.

As is well known, in ordinary four-stroke.

sions of the compression space, and therefore, a considerable quantity of burned gas is mixed with the fresh .charge admitted on In the improved engine, if the two fulcrums S and T are made equi-distant from the axis strokes in the upper as well as in the lower halves of the cylinders are equal and symmetrical and therefore the clearance obtained at the exhaust is exactly the same as the minimum c'ompression space, as in owing to the surg-.

O, the pistonthe case of an ordinary four-stroke engine.

But by making the distance fulcrum S from the axis 0 somewhat less than that of 0 from T, as shown in Fig. 1,

the piston strokes are differentiated whereby in their uppercommon dead center position the pistons have a greater spacing from one another than in their lower common dead center position, thus enabling the clearance at the exhaust to be reduced at will to the smallest admissible volume irrespective of the minimum size of the compression space.

According to Fig. l, the distance SO is less than the distance T(), and thereof the upper fore, with the .parts related as shown, the

pistonsin the right hand cylinder, on reaching their upper common dead center position, define a relatively large compression chamber, whereas the clearance between the pistons of the left hand cylinders, in the lower dead center positions is reduced to a minimum. After a main shaft rotation the same compression space is defined in the left hand cylinder and the same clearance atthe exhaust in the right hand cylinder.

Assuming that provision is made for adjusting without interference with the 'running'of the engine, the positions of either of the fulcrums S or Tin a direction parallel to. the axes'of the cylinders by suitable selection ,of the position of one of the two fulcrums S or T, in relation to the other and to' the axis 0, it is the compression within wide limits during the running of the engine, asis obvious.

.Each of the two pistons in one of the cylinderstraversesjour dead'center positions (reversing p. nts) duringone complete revolution oi the crank. Twice dur-.

center positions are attained simultaneously by each two opposed pistons (Figs. 2 and possible to varywith thetwo axes of j one another.

. partitions into a number screws. At the level corresponding to the inlet and outlet ofthe gases the cylinder is provided throughout its circumference with Y a number of slots,'ea ch two adjacent ones of which are employed for consecutive exhaust and suction strokes. In theembodiment shown, the cylinder is providediwith seven pairs of her of corresponding slots-is provided in the outer valve casing, while theslide valve 2 has but eight slots altogether. The distributing chamber 3 is, provided with a recessthe cylinders of the -engine, this recess accommodating the driving parts of the engine during periods of their movements. The valve, 2 carries at its upper end a pinion 6 actuated by suitable gearing from the crank shaft.i The valve casin 3 includes three annular su erposed divisions or chambers. These t ree chambers may be combined either in a single casting, or, facture, they may be formed in two or-three separate parts, which are securely fitted to The intermediatedivision or chamber of the valve casing is of generally triangular cross section, being divided by of separate compartments 17.and '18. In the example illustrated, seven pairs of slots are employed, and the valve casing chamber aforesaid is provided with fourteen such compartments. The other two divisions or-chambers of the valve casing 3 arelocated above and below the said compartments. Of these two chambers, one, the other, as 5, for the exhaust. These last two chambers communicate b conduit respectively. Of the compartments above referred to, those designated 17 com municate by way of passages '10 in the lower oblique wall (Fig. 11) with the suction chamber 4, and those designated 18 and .ar-

ranged alternately with reference .to the compartments 17 communicate by passages '9 in the upper oblique wall (Fig. .10)v wlth the exhaust cavity 5. 'Each compartment terminateslat the cylindrical'inner wall of thecasing 3 in a slotted opening, the slots for the com artments 1"! being s own at12, and those or the compartments 18 at 13. The valve is assumed to rotate in a counterciockwisedirection, havin one revolution toevery eight of the cran shaft and during its rotation its slots 14 consecutively and bottom, but this,

The cylinder A is such slots, and the same num-- 'as shown in Fig. 11, 20' located co-planar -and power strokes to reduce the cost of manu-- as4, serves for the admission andsockets' 15 and 16 with the carbureter an the exhaust alternately connect the cylinder slots 7 and -8. with theslots 12 and 13 of the respective compartments 1? and 18, thereby alternately putting the suction and exhaust conduits into communication with the cylinder. v

Fig. 13 shows an arrangement of inlet, exhaust, and valve slots which may be employed instead of the arrangement shown in Fig. 12, and which has the advantage of utilizing the maximum port areasavailable for the purposes in view.

According to the construction shown in Fig. 13,the slots 7 w and 8 in the cylinder wall 'of the valve casing are of the same width as the intervening webs of material by which said respective slots are separated from one another. The

. utilization of the slot arrangement shown in Fig. 13 is rendered possible in connection 1 with, the engine described, by reason of the during the compressibnfact that the space between the two pistons of each cylinder is,

of said pistons, wholly at one side of the T and 8 are located (Figs. 5 to 8) and hence, out .of' communication with said slots. It follows that the uncovering of said slots by' the rotating valve during said compression and power strokes is -w1thout effect. The slots- 14 in the rotating valve are, of course. equal in size to the slots ,7, 8, 12, and 13.

Having fully described ourinvention, we claim: I

1. In a fouF-cycle internal combustion enj, gine, a cylinder, :a pair of opposed pistons: therein, a main shaft, a two-armed rocking lever connected to the main shaft to effect the rotation thereof, and connections between one arm of saidlever and one of said pistons and between the other arm of said ever and the other piston, the connections including a pair, of levers pivotally connected to the opposite arms of said first named lever and each having pivotal and sliding components of movemert and a rod connecting said last named leve r and the respective pistons.

zone in. whichthe slots gine, a pair of parallel 'cylinders, a pair of opposed pistonsworking in each cylinder, a

,main shaft, a two-armed rocking lever connected to the main shaft to, eflect the rotation thereof, and operative connections between the pistons at corresponding ends of said cylinders and one arm of said lever and between the other pistons and the other arm of saidlever. I

3. In a four-cycle internal combustion engin'e, a pair of parallel cylinders, opposed pistons workin in each cylinder, a mainshaft, a two-urine rocking lever con -nected to the main shaft I tion thereof. and operative connections between the, pistons at corresponding ends of said cylinders and one arm of'said lever and between the other pistons and the other arm a pair of.

toeifect the rota- 1 1 pair being located at dittere" of said lever, the connections pair of levers pivoted to the re of said first named lever and ha and sliding eoinponente of more rods connecting each of the l fftin of pair with the pistons at the ends oi cylinders which said levers adjoin,

4:. In a' tour-cycle internal C(llilljllbii gine. a cylinder, a pair of oppose tl erein, a main shaft, a two-ar lever connected to the main the rotation thereof and c nneetions hetween one arm of said lever pistons and between the other arm le er and the other pi ton, the ea including a pair of levers pivotall ed to the opposite arms of Sill! lever and each having pivotal ling components of increment and rodS conn ing said last naincd levers and the respec pistons, the pivotal an of the l were said i the pivotal axis of said rock 5. In a four-cycle internal torgine, a cylinder, a pair oi ii therein, a main shatt, eao tour dead center positions dr tion of said shaft and said o two of their dead center positions Silll onsly and moving oppositely to o e at neariy equal speed shortl shortly after reaching their said OHS dead center positions. each p taining nearly its (7 'atest spe al dnr other dead center position of the o. ton, a two-arnml lUlMlIlfl ever the main ehat't to client tn: 1' of, and connections between said lever and the respeo" the operations ol" the latter stated.

5. In a tour-cycle interna gine, a pair of parallel cyli opposed pistons Wnllti inain shalt, a two-arn nected to the main shto em tat. tion thercol and operitiw uonnectiona tween the ill'lllS ol'f aid lever a tons whereby the pistons ol have their power and exhaust strokes hllllll taneonsly with the reepectire silctiotrand. COlIlPlPFHlUIl strokes of the pi ion z oi other cylinder.

T. in a tour-chill internal roiolinsiion oi. gine, a pair of parallel cylinder a o o opposed pistons worhin;

Lllil in each (:ji'llil-(ltd'. a main shal't, a twomrmed lllvlllilfg lever-eonnected to the main shall to elle vrot" tion thereof, and operative conhiotimih hetween the pistons at oorrespmid ng ends of said cylin lers and one arm of said la' t i lietwee i the other pistonh and the o? of said le\ iections -o1 "in: each he l and r is each hell eranl; lever at opposite "h the pistons at the cormon: (ti Uirespond' and one arm at ier oistons and he a nn pins vrroin the e lnain sha to 3 Connections between one a nd one oi :aid pistons arin ol said lever and cylinder having; openadni l i; l lo .m and exhaust, a (listrioilr. r asing ear-rounding the cylinder, and an impacked rotary valve surrounding n linder and controlling said openings,

oated in the annular Space and said distributing opentributing casing surrounding the cylinder located in the annular space between said and detachably connected thereto, and an cylinder and said distributing casing and 30 unpacked rotary valve surrounding the having one opening for each pair of opencylinder and controlling said openings, the ings in said cylinder.

valve being located in-the annular space be- 13. In a four-cycle internal combustion tween the cylinder and said distributing engine, a pair of parallel cylinders, a pair casing. of opposed pistons Working in each cylinder, 35

12. In a four-cycle internal combustion a main shaft, a two-armed rocking lever conengine, a cylinder, a pair of opposed pistons nected to the main shaft to eflect the rotatherein', a main shaft, a two-armed rocking tion thereof, and operative connectionsbeand between the other arm of said lever and of said lever, said connections being selected the other piston, the cylinder having opens whereby whenthe pistons of either cylinder ings for the admission and exhaust and arare in their extreme inward position, the exranged in pairs, a distributing casing surplosion chamber of one cylinder and the 5 rounding the cylinder and having three suctionand exhaust openings of the other superposed annular chambers, the intercylinder are simultaneously and completely mediate one of which is divided into comuncovered. partments, each terminating in a slot at the In testimony whereof We have hereunto inner circumferential face of said casing, set our hands in presence of two subscribing said slots coinciding with said openings and witnesses.

said compartments communicating in alter- PAUL SCHARF.

nation with the other chambers, and an un- EMIL KWAYSSER. vpacked rotary valve surrounding the eylin- Witnesses: 1 der and controlling the communication of JOSEF RUBILICI-I,

said openings and said slots, said valvebeing AUGUST FUGGER. 

